Horsemen Glossary
Some horsemen on rearing horses can be associated with the milestones in general history or in the history of arts.
Table Of Contents
Painting Styles
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Hunt of the Hare, fresco painting on mural transferred to canvas,
cr. 1125, Hermitage of San Baudelio, Casillas de Berlanga, Soria, Spain

Saint George Killing the Dragon,
1434-5, Bernat Martorell, Barcelona, modern-day Spain


Saint George and the Dragon,
circa 1432-5, Rogier van der Weyden, Netherlandish (present-day Belgium and France)











Cuenca and cuerda seca floor tile depicting St George and the dragon,
cr. 1900, Grueby Faience Company, U.S.A.

Saint George killing the dragon, colour lithograph (a postcard),
1908, J.Jílovský, Prague, Austro-Hungarian Empire





Painting Techniques
↑ Back To Table Of Contents ↑1420s- 1430s, Florence: Discovery of the mathematics of linear perspective
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cr. 1125, Hermitage of San Baudelio, Casillas de Berlanga, Soria, Spain

1300-50, Novgorod, Russia
Perspective was fascinating many great minds of the time. Paolo Uccello was particularly passionate about it. He would “stand the whole night through beside his writing desk seeking new terms for the expression of his rules of perspective.” When his missus asked him to come to bed Paolo would often decline, saying he had plans with “my sweet mistress perspective.”
Later, in the 1470s-1480s, Piero della Francesca has written De Prospectiva pingendi (On the Perspective of painting), the earliest and only pre-1500 Renaissance treatise solely devoted to the subject of perspective.

circa 1432-5, Rogier van der Weyden, Netherlandish (present-day Belgium and France)

cr. 1430-35, Paolo Uccello, Florence, Italy

cr. 1452-66, Piero della Francesca, Arezzo, Italy
15th century, Netherlands: widespread adoption of oil paints
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circa 1432-5, Rogier van der Weyden, Netherlandish (present-day Belgium and France)

1480-2, Leonardo da Vinci
The beginnings of oil painting are recorded as early as the twelfth century in Northern Europe. But it was the virtuoso handling of the medium on panel by early Netherlandish painters such as Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden that represented a turning point in its eventual adoption as the major painting medium in Europe in the sixteenth century. By then, Jan van Eyck had been incorrectly credited with the “invention” of oil painting.
In Italy, Leonardo da Vinci was among the first adopters of oil paints.
Mid-16th century, Venice: adoption of canvas as painting support
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1548, Titian, Augsburg, Germany

1550-2, Paolo Veronese, Venice, Italy
Venice was a wealthy trading port and, in the many workshops within the city, produced sails made from linen and other fabrics. In fine art, linen is still considered to be the finest support for oil painting. Later examples of oil paintings from the Venetian painters include works by Paolo Veronese and Titian.
Funeral Monuments With Horsemen On Rearing Horses
↑ Back To Table Of Contents ↑Funeral monuments, big or small, were very important to people throughout history.
Cinerary Urns
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cr. 500 BC (?), Etruscan

cr. 325-300 BC, Attic style, Kastri (Amphipolis), Central Macedonia, Greece

cr. 320-280 BC, Canosa, Apulia

2nd century BC, Bergama, Turkey
Gravestones
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cr. 394 BC, Attic

1st - 2nd century AD

Sarcophagi
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late 6th century BC, Klazomenian (modern Turkey)

end of 5th century BC, Chamber no. IV of the royal necropolis of Sidon, modern Lebanon

400-375 BC, village of Altıkulaç, near Çan, modern-day Turkey

400-375 BC, village of Altıkulaç, near Çan, modern-day Turkey

350–300 BC, Italian/Etruscan

circa 320 BC, Ionian or Rhodian workmanchip, Hellenistic

2nd century, Thessaloniki

cr. 250–260, Rome

cr. 340, Rome
Mausoleums
↑ Back To Table Of Contents ↑There were a few large scale funeral monuments: mausoleums, temple tombs and a necropolis that featured horsemen on rearing horses.

cr. 390-380 BC, classical Greek, Xanthos in Lycia, close to present-day Fethiye in Mugla Province, Turkey

cr. 390-380 BC, classical Greek, Xanthos in Lycia, close to present-day Fethiye in Mugla Province, Turkey

1911-5, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

cr. 350 BC, Pytheos (?), classical Greek, Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey)

4th century BC, Haskovo district, Bulgaria

4th century BC, 4th century BC, Haskovo district, Bulgaria

cr. 40 BC, Glanum, part of Roman Republic (now Saint-Rémy de Provence, France)

cr. 40 BC, Glanum, part of Roman Republic (now Saint-Rémy de Provence, France)

5th century BC and cr. 276–293, Achaemenid and Sasanian, Naqsh-e Rostam, Persia

cr. 276–293, Sasanian, Naqsh-e Rostam, Persia
History
↑ Back To Table Of Contents ↑333 BC: Establishment of Alexander the Great’s empire and beginning of the end of Persian empire
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circa 100 BC, Pompeii, Roman empire, perhaps after an earlier Greek painting of Philoxenus of Eretria (4th-3rd century BC)

circa 100 BC, Pompeii, Roman empire, perhaps after an earlier Greek painting of Philoxenus of Eretria (4th-3rd century BC)
323 BC: Death of Alexander the Great and beginning of the Hellenistic era
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circa 320 BC, Ionian or Rhodian workmanchip, Hellenistic

circa 320 BC, Ionian or Rhodian workmanchip, Hellenistic
31 BC: Beginning of the Roman Imperial era
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minted in 32-29 BC under Augustus, the last type to be issued before the Battle of Actium, Roman Empire
312 and 1520: Beginning of the Christian era of the Roman empire and transition from renaissance to mannerism
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1520-4, Giulio Romano, designed by Raphael, Vatican, Italy
Some historians view 1520, the date of the death of Raphael, as the end of Renaissance and beginning of a new art style, Mannerism, also known as Late Renaissance. Raphael is viewed as zenith of High Renaissance, and it was his head assistant, Giulio Romano, along with Parmigianino who launched Mannerism! Thus, the fresco below can be viewed as a turning point of art: it was designed by the youngest of prominent High Renaissance artists, Raphael, and completed by a pioneer of Mannerism, Giulio Romano.
1066: Norman conquest of England
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France, probably 1070s

France, probably 1070s
1453: The fall of Constantinople
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1932, Theophilos Hatzimihail, Greece
1648: The last major battle of the Religious Wars
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cr. 1835, Pierre Franque, Galerie des Batailles, Versailles, France
1709: Establishment of the Russian empire and beginning of the end of the Swedish empire
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Mikhail Lomonosov, 1762–1764
1791: The last absolutist king of France wearing republican tricolour cockade
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1791, Jean Baptiste François Carteaux
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